Hundreds of police in England and Wales accused of sexual abuse | UK news

Hundreds of police officers are being accused of sexually abusing victims and suspects in what a senior police watchdog has called “the most serious corruption issue facing the service”.

Forces across England and Wales received 436 allegations of abuse of power for sexual gain against 306 police officers, 20 police community support officers and eight staff in the two years to March but inspectors believe the problem is even more prevalent than the numbers suggest.

Despite the large numbers, there is evidence that only 40 officers or staff have been dismissed for abusing authority for sexual gain in a similar period.

Vulnerable individuals, including domestic abuse victims, alcohol and drug addicts, sex workers and arrested suspects were among those targeted by officers and staff, Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) said.

Victim groups have said the findings are “deeply concerning” and involved some of the most vulnerable people in society.

Mike Cunningham, inspector of constabulary and former chief constable of Staffordshire police, said: “This is the most serious corruption issue facing the service. What can be worse than a guardian abusing the trust and confidence of an abused person? There can be no greater violation of public trust.”

“It is probably more likely the problem is more serious than the numbers reported back to us,” he added.

“In many cases the victims are vulnerable people. They are victims of domestic abuse, they’re victims who might have been arrested and they have drug or alcohol dependency. It is an exploitation of power where the guardian becomes the abuser.”

One of the most high-profile cases of police officers abusing their power in recent history was that of Stephen Mitchell, who was jailed for life in 2011 for raping and sexually assaulting vulnerable women he had arrested.

Mitchell, who was a constable with Northumbria police, abused heroin addicts, shoplifters and a disabled teenager by offering them help while in custody, then demanding sexual favours afterwards.

Earlier this year, DS Robert Dawson, a Metropolitan police officer who had sex with a vulnerable alleged rape victim, was formally dismissed from the force. A tribunal heard that in 2010, while investigating an allegation of serious sexual assault, Dawson engaged in an inappropriate sexual relationship with the victim.

PC Simon Salway, who had sex with vulnerable witnesses and victims of crime, and fathered a child with one of the women he exploited, was found guilty of six charges of misconduct in a public office at Luton crown court last year.

HMIC found that more than a third (39%) of the allegations of abuse of authority for sexual gain involved victims of domestic abuse. As part of its research the inspectorate carried out an online survey of domestic abuse practitioners between July and August. Sixty-eight practitioners (16%) of the 414 who took part said victims of domestic abuse had disclosed that an officer or member of police staff had abused their authority to exploit them or develop an inappropriate relationship with them.

The chief executive of the domestic violence charity Refuge, Sandra Horley, said: “Widespread reports of police officers exploiting women for sexual gain … are horrific â€" but unsurprising.

“Refuge is glad HMIC’s report has shone a light on this issue, following a consultation with domestic violence practitioners including our frontline staff. The police are meant to protect the public from harm; how can women be expected to report their abuse, if they fear the police will abuse them all over again? Women have the right to safety and protection.

“Refuge commends the work HMIC has already done in improving the police response to domestic violence; we hope this report will mean an end to what is an appalling abuse of power.”

Mark Castle, chief executive of the independent charity Victim Support, said: “These allegations are deeply concerning. The victims involved are some of the most vulnerable people in our society, who have been exploited by the people they should be able to trust the most, the police.

“In order to maintain public confidence in the police it’s critical that forces recognise this behaviour as the serious corruption that it is and report all cases to the IPCC to ensure that they are thoroughly and robustly investigated.”

The HMIC findings formed part of a broader inspection of police legitimacy, which concluded victims’ satisfaction with the way they were treated by police remained high. The investigation was ordered by the then home secretary, Theresa May.

But the inspectorate said forces still needed to become more proactive in rooting out officers and staff abusing power for sexual gain. This could involve profiling officers to single out those who might be likely to commit such abuse.

Cunningham said one of the reasons the inspectorate believed the figures belied a greater problem was that forces in England and Wales did not have a consistent and coherent approach to tackling the problem.

Not all forces class the abuse of authority for sexual gain as a serious corruption issue, which HMIC says they should. This would mean any allegation would be automatically referred to the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) for investigation.

HMIC was only able to find 40 cases on the national disapproved register in which officers or staff were dismissed for abusing power for sexual gain during the period in which more than 400 allegations were received.

“What’s less clear is what’s happening with those allegations, how those allegations are being pursued, how they translate into gross misconduct hearings and sackings,” Cunningham said.

HMIC said the problem remained despite recommendations in a 2012 IPCC report on the issue, which appear to have not been acted on.

In her speech to the Police Federation conference earlier this year, May said: “We know of officers who develop inappropriate relationships with victims of domestic abuse. They have ignored their professional duty and their moral responsibility, and instead abused their position of power to exploit victims. We do not know the true scale of this, but everyone in this room will know it goes on far more than we might care to admit.”

"

| Hundreds | police | England | Wales | accused | sexual | abuse | news | officers | being | sexually | abusing | victims | suspects | what | senior | watchdog | called | “the | most | serious | corruption | issue | facing | service” | p> Forces | across | received | allegations | power | gain | against | community | support | eight | staff | years | March | inspectors | believe | problem | even | more | prevalent | than | numbers | suggest | p> Despite | large | there | evidence | that | only | have | been | dismissed | authority | similar | period | p> Vulnerable | individuals | including | domestic | alcohol | drug | addicts | workers | arrested | were | among | those | targeted | Majesty’s | Inspectorate | Constabulary | (HMIC) | said | p> Victim | groups | findings | “deeply | concerning” | involved | some | vulnerable | people | society | p> Mike | Cunningham | inspector | constabulary | former | chief | constable | Staffordshire | said: | “This | service | What | worse | guardian | trust | confidence | abused | person | There | greater | violation | public | ”< | p> “It | probably | likely | reported | back | added | p> “In | many | cases | They | they’re | might | they | dependency | exploitation | where | becomes | abuser | p> One | high | profile | their | recent | history | Stephen | Mitchell | jailed | life | 2011< | raping | assaulting | women | p> Mitchell | with | Northumbria | heroin | shoplifters | disabled | teenager | offering | them | help | while | custody | then | demanding | favours | afterwards | p> Earlier | this | year | Robert | Dawson | Metropolitan | officer | alleged | rape | victim | formally | from | force | tribunal | heard | 2010 | investigating | allegation | assault | engaged | inappropriate | relationship | victim< | p> PC | Simon | Salway | witnesses | crime | fathered | child | exploited | found | guilty | charges | misconduct | office< | Luton | crown | court | last | p> HMIC | third | (39%) | part | research | inspectorate | carried | online | survey | practitioners | between | July | August | Sixty | (16%) | took | disclosed | member | exploit | develop | p> The | executive | violence | charity | Refuge | Sandra | Horley | “Widespread | reports | exploiting | horrific | unsurprising | p> “Refuge | glad | HMIC’s | report | shone | light | following | consultation | frontline | meant | protect | harm; | expected | fear | will | over | again | Women | right | safety | protection | commends | work | HMIC | already | done | improving | response | violence; | hope | mean | appalling | p> Mark | Castle | independent | Victim | Support | “These | deeply | concerning | should | able | order | maintain | it’s | critical | forces | recognise | behaviour | IPCC | ensure | thoroughly | robustly | investigated | formed | broader | inspection | legitimacy | which | concluded | victims’ | satisfaction | treated | remained | investigation | ordered | home | secretary | Theresa | May< | p> But | still | needed | become | proactive | rooting | This | could | involve | profiling | single | commit | such | p> Cunningham | reasons | believed | figures | belied | consistent | coherent | approach | tackling | p> Not | class | says | would | automatically | referred | Independent | Police< | Complaints | Commission | (IPCC) | find | national | disapproved | register | during | p> “What’s | less | clear | what’s | happening | pursued | translate | into | gross | hearings | sackings | despite | recommendations | 2012 | appear | acted | p> In | speech | Police | Federation | conference | earlier | “We | know | relationships | ignored | professional | duty | moral | responsibility | instead | position | true | scale | everyone | room | goes | care | admit | p> |

Thank You So Much for Visiting this Blog

Hundreds of police in England and Wales accused of sexual abuse | UK news

Hundreds of police officers are being accused of sexually abusing victims and suspects in what a senior police watchdog has called “the most serious corruption issue facing the service”.

Forces across England and Wales received 436 allegations of abuse of power for sexual gain against 306 police officers, 20 police community support officers and eight staff in the two years to March but inspectors believe the problem is even more prevalent than the numbers suggest.

Despite the large numbers, there is evidence that only 40 officers or staff have been dismissed for abusing authority for sexual gain in a similar period.

Vulnerable individuals, including domestic abuse victims, alcohol and drug addicts, sex workers and arrested suspects were among those targeted by officers and staff, Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) said.

Victim groups have said the findings are “deeply concerning” and involved some of the most vulnerable people in society.

Mike Cunningham, inspector of constabulary and former chief constable of Staffordshire police, said: “This is the most serious corruption issue facing the service. What can be worse than a guardian abusing the trust and confidence of an abused person? There can be no greater violation of public trust.”

“It is probably more likely the problem is more serious than the numbers reported back to us,” he added.

“In many cases the victims are vulnerable people. They are victims of domestic abuse, they’re victims who might have been arrested and they have drug or alcohol dependency. It is an exploitation of power where the guardian becomes the abuser.”

One of the most high-profile cases of police officers abusing their power in recent history was that of Stephen Mitchell, who was jailed for life in 2011 for raping and sexually assaulting vulnerable women he had arrested.

Mitchell, who was a constable with Northumbria police, abused heroin addicts, shoplifters and a disabled teenager by offering them help while in custody, then demanding sexual favours afterwards.

Earlier this year, DS Robert Dawson, a Metropolitan police officer who had sex with a vulnerable alleged rape victim, was formally dismissed from the force. A tribunal heard that in 2010, while investigating an allegation of serious sexual assault, Dawson engaged in an inappropriate sexual relationship with the victim.

PC Simon Salway, who had sex with vulnerable witnesses and victims of crime, and fathered a child with one of the women he exploited, was found guilty of six charges of misconduct in a public office at Luton crown court last year.

HMIC found that more than a third (39%) of the allegations of abuse of authority for sexual gain involved victims of domestic abuse. As part of its research the inspectorate carried out an online survey of domestic abuse practitioners between July and August. Sixty-eight practitioners (16%) of the 414 who took part said victims of domestic abuse had disclosed that an officer or member of police staff had abused their authority to exploit them or develop an inappropriate relationship with them.

The chief executive of the domestic violence charity Refuge, Sandra Horley, said: “Widespread reports of police officers exploiting women for sexual gain … are horrific â€" but unsurprising.

“Refuge is glad HMIC’s report has shone a light on this issue, following a consultation with domestic violence practitioners including our frontline staff. The police are meant to protect the public from harm; how can women be expected to report their abuse, if they fear the police will abuse them all over again? Women have the right to safety and protection.

“Refuge commends the work HMIC has already done in improving the police response to domestic violence; we hope this report will mean an end to what is an appalling abuse of power.”

Mark Castle, chief executive of the independent charity Victim Support, said: “These allegations are deeply concerning. The victims involved are some of the most vulnerable people in our society, who have been exploited by the people they should be able to trust the most, the police.

“In order to maintain public confidence in the police it’s critical that forces recognise this behaviour as the serious corruption that it is and report all cases to the IPCC to ensure that they are thoroughly and robustly investigated.”

The HMIC findings formed part of a broader inspection of police legitimacy, which concluded victims’ satisfaction with the way they were treated by police remained high. The investigation was ordered by the then home secretary, Theresa May.

But the inspectorate said forces still needed to become more proactive in rooting out officers and staff abusing power for sexual gain. This could involve profiling officers to single out those who might be likely to commit such abuse.

Cunningham said one of the reasons the inspectorate believed the figures belied a greater problem was that forces in England and Wales did not have a consistent and coherent approach to tackling the problem.

Not all forces class the abuse of authority for sexual gain as a serious corruption issue, which HMIC says they should. This would mean any allegation would be automatically referred to the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) for investigation.

HMIC was only able to find 40 cases on the national disapproved register in which officers or staff were dismissed for abusing power for sexual gain during the period in which more than 400 allegations were received.

“What’s less clear is what’s happening with those allegations, how those allegations are being pursued, how they translate into gross misconduct hearings and sackings,” Cunningham said.

HMIC said the problem remained despite recommendations in a 2012 IPCC report on the issue, which appear to have not been acted on.

In her speech to the Police Federation conference earlier this year, May said: “We know of officers who develop inappropriate relationships with victims of domestic abuse. They have ignored their professional duty and their moral responsibility, and instead abused their position of power to exploit victims. We do not know the true scale of this, but everyone in this room will know it goes on far more than we might care to admit.”

"

| Hundreds | police | England | Wales | accused | sexual | abuse | news | officers | being | sexually | abusing | victims | suspects | what | senior | watchdog | called | “the | most | serious | corruption | issue | facing | service” | p> Forces | across | received | allegations | power | gain | against | community | support | eight | staff | years | March | inspectors | believe | problem | even | more | prevalent | than | numbers | suggest | p> Despite | large | there | evidence | that | only | have | been | dismissed | authority | similar | period | p> Vulnerable | individuals | including | domestic | alcohol | drug | addicts | workers | arrested | were | among | those | targeted | Majesty’s | Inspectorate | Constabulary | (HMIC) | said | p> Victim | groups | findings | “deeply | concerning” | involved | some | vulnerable | people | society | p> Mike | Cunningham | inspector | constabulary | former | chief | constable | Staffordshire | said: | “This | service | What | worse | guardian | trust | confidence | abused | person | There | greater | violation | public | ”< | p> “It | probably | likely | reported | back | added | p> “In | many | cases | They | they’re | might | they | dependency | exploitation | where | becomes | abuser | p> One | high | profile | their | recent | history | Stephen | Mitchell | jailed | life | 2011< | raping | assaulting | women | p> Mitchell | with | Northumbria | heroin | shoplifters | disabled | teenager | offering | them | help | while | custody | then | demanding | favours | afterwards | p> Earlier | this | year | Robert | Dawson | Metropolitan | officer | alleged | rape | victim | formally | from | force | tribunal | heard | 2010 | investigating | allegation | assault | engaged | inappropriate | relationship | victim< | p> PC | Simon | Salway | witnesses | crime | fathered | child | exploited | found | guilty | charges | misconduct | office< | Luton | crown | court | last | p> HMIC | third | (39%) | part | research | inspectorate | carried | online | survey | practitioners | between | July | August | Sixty | (16%) | took | disclosed | member | exploit | develop | p> The | executive | violence | charity | Refuge | Sandra | Horley | “Widespread | reports | exploiting | horrific | unsurprising | p> “Refuge | glad | HMIC’s | report | shone | light | following | consultation | frontline | meant | protect | harm; | expected | fear | will | over | again | Women | right | safety | protection | commends | work | HMIC | already | done | improving | response | violence; | hope | mean | appalling | p> Mark | Castle | independent | Victim | Support | “These | deeply | concerning | should | able | order | maintain | it’s | critical | forces | recognise | behaviour | IPCC | ensure | thoroughly | robustly | investigated | formed | broader | inspection | legitimacy | which | concluded | victims’ | satisfaction | treated | remained | investigation | ordered | home | secretary | Theresa | May< | p> But | still | needed | become | proactive | rooting | This | could | involve | profiling | single | commit | such | p> Cunningham | reasons | believed | figures | belied | consistent | coherent | approach | tackling | p> Not | class | says | would | automatically | referred | Independent | Police< | Complaints | Commission | (IPCC) | find | national | disapproved | register | during | p> “What’s | less | clear | what’s | happening | pursued | translate | into | gross | hearings | sackings | despite | recommendations | 2012 | appear | acted | p> In | speech | Police | Federation | conference | earlier | “We | know | relationships | ignored | professional | duty | moral | responsibility | instead | position | true | scale | everyone | room | goes | care | admit | p> |

Thank Very Much for Read this Blog

What is the difference between love and like?

Q. Love for me is loving a person with commitment and like means just being happy seeing the one you adore. How about you?

A. Ann Landers wrote this column many years ago and it answers you question.

Is It Love or Infatuation?

Infatuation is fleeting desire -- one set of glands calling to another. It is marked by a feeling of insecurity. You are excited and eager but not genuinely happy. There are nagging doubts, unanswered questions, little bits and pieces about the relationship that you would just as soon not examine too closely. It might spoil the dream.

Love is friendship that has caught fire. It takes root and grows, one day at a time. Love is quiet understanding and mature acceptance of imperfection. It is real. It gives you strength and grows beyond you -- to bolster your beloved. You are warmed by his presence, even when he is away. Miles do not separate you. You have so many wonderful films in your head that you keep replaying. But near or far, you know he is yours, and you can wait.

Infatuation says, "We must get married right away. I can't risk losing him." Love says, "Be patient. Don't panic. Plan your future with confidence."

Infatuation has an element of sexual excitement. Whenever you are together, you hope it will end in intimacy.

Love is not based on sex. It is the maturation of friendship that makes sex so much sweeter. You must be friends before you can be lovers.

Infatuation lacks confidence. When he's away, you wonder if he's being unfaithful. Sometimes, you check.

Love means trust. You are calm, secure and unthreatened. He feels your trust, and it makes him even more trustworthy.

Infatuation might lead you to do things you will regret, but love never steers you in the wrong direction.

Love is elevating. It lifts you up. It makes you look up. It makes you better than you were before.

Original Question

How is love and sacrifice represented in Pride and Prejudice?

Q. What is the impact of love and sacrifice on the main characters? What is the author the Pride and Prejudice suggesting about love and sacrifice?
What would be a good thesis statement for these questions?

A. A basic theme of the story, one could argue, is that love conquers all. Thinking about it in terms of that particular society, Darcy and Elizabeth shouldn't have ended up together. He was well off, she was poor. He was upper class, had family connections, and was high up in society. She had no connections, had a family full of "silly" sisters and parents, and wasn't too much in the company of high society. But, despite all the odds against them- family, wealth, their individual pride and prejudices, they ended up together. And why? Because they fought for each other. They fought for a true love that they both deserved.

Darcy sacrifices his pride by paying for Lydia's shotgun wedding with Wickham. Though he despises the man, he patches up the marriage in order to protect Lydia, which ultimately protects Elizabeth, because then her family isn't tainted with the scandal. We think Darcy has overcome his pride when he first proposes to Elizabeth, but he hasn't done that completely yet: he tells her, rather condescendingly, that he wishes he didn't like her because it's imprudent for a man of his connection to love someone so beneath him. Ouch, can you say mean much?

Elizabeth, on the other hand, gets the benefit of this match in its social and financial aspects. You'd think she doesn't give up much, but she does. She too sacrifices her pride, admitting that her first impressions of Mr. Darcy were very wrong, and that he was a much better man than she gave him credit for. She also admits to falling under Wickham's spell and feels bad that she fell for his facade.

That's what I have to say on it, really. Hope it helps.

Original Question

What's the difference between loving someone and being in love with somone?

Q. OK...If I love someone who I am also intimate with--does that make me IN love?...I just do not understand what "being in love" really means.

A. hello and i am the Love Doctor.
I am here to help you answer your question and if you have any questions abut love, everhbody can email me at young95fm@yahoo.com.

Ok, let's see, if you really love someone and you feel very intimate with the person, it is just a sudden spark that you feel, it does not really mean that you are in love.
When you truly love someone, you will put aside all defects and on the person, body odour, looks, size etc. You will feel your heart thumping really very fast and you feel shy talking to the person until you know the person also loves/likes you.
When you are intimate with that person, it would most probably mean that you are in probationary love, which means you are putting your heart to a test, to see if the two of you match, when you really are a match, that thumping feeling will start to slow down everytime you see her/him. This is normal because you are not nervous that she despises you or anything, but it is also normal is your heart is still thumping very fast, because are afraid that you will suddenly lose interest in her/him, or that he/she will lose interest in you due to your sudden change like your behaviour towards him/her.

If you still don't know or have any other problems about your love, or of how you should keep your love from losing interest in you, you can contact me personally through my email at the top of this answer and we can chat through my MSN.

Original Question

If You Want to Update this Blog, You Can do it by Click This Link and This Blog Will be Updated Automaticly

What is the difference between love and like?

Q. Love for me is loving a person with commitment and like means just being happy seeing the one you adore. How about you?

A. Ann Landers wrote this column many years ago and it answers you question.

Is It Love or Infatuation?

Infatuation is fleeting desire -- one set of glands calling to another. It is marked by a feeling of insecurity. You are excited and eager but not genuinely happy. There are nagging doubts, unanswered questions, little bits and pieces about the relationship that you would just as soon not examine too closely. It might spoil the dream.

Love is friendship that has caught fire. It takes root and grows, one day at a time. Love is quiet understanding and mature acceptance of imperfection. It is real. It gives you strength and grows beyond you -- to bolster your beloved. You are warmed by his presence, even when he is away. Miles do not separate you. You have so many wonderful films in your head that you keep replaying. But near or far, you know he is yours, and you can wait.

Infatuation says, "We must get married right away. I can't risk losing him." Love says, "Be patient. Don't panic. Plan your future with confidence."

Infatuation has an element of sexual excitement. Whenever you are together, you hope it will end in intimacy.

Love is not based on sex. It is the maturation of friendship that makes sex so much sweeter. You must be friends before you can be lovers.

Infatuation lacks confidence. When he's away, you wonder if he's being unfaithful. Sometimes, you check.

Love means trust. You are calm, secure and unthreatened. He feels your trust, and it makes him even more trustworthy.

Infatuation might lead you to do things you will regret, but love never steers you in the wrong direction.

Love is elevating. It lifts you up. It makes you look up. It makes you better than you were before.

Original Question

How is love and sacrifice represented in Pride and Prejudice?

Q. What is the impact of love and sacrifice on the main characters? What is the author the Pride and Prejudice suggesting about love and sacrifice?
What would be a good thesis statement for these questions?

A. A basic theme of the story, one could argue, is that love conquers all. Thinking about it in terms of that particular society, Darcy and Elizabeth shouldn't have ended up together. He was well off, she was poor. He was upper class, had family connections, and was high up in society. She had no connections, had a family full of "silly" sisters and parents, and wasn't too much in the company of high society. But, despite all the odds against them- family, wealth, their individual pride and prejudices, they ended up together. And why? Because they fought for each other. They fought for a true love that they both deserved.

Darcy sacrifices his pride by paying for Lydia's shotgun wedding with Wickham. Though he despises the man, he patches up the marriage in order to protect Lydia, which ultimately protects Elizabeth, because then her family isn't tainted with the scandal. We think Darcy has overcome his pride when he first proposes to Elizabeth, but he hasn't done that completely yet: he tells her, rather condescendingly, that he wishes he didn't like her because it's imprudent for a man of his connection to love someone so beneath him. Ouch, can you say mean much?

Elizabeth, on the other hand, gets the benefit of this match in its social and financial aspects. You'd think she doesn't give up much, but she does. She too sacrifices her pride, admitting that her first impressions of Mr. Darcy were very wrong, and that he was a much better man than she gave him credit for. She also admits to falling under Wickham's spell and feels bad that she fell for his facade.

That's what I have to say on it, really. Hope it helps.

Original Question

What's the difference between loving someone and being in love with somone?

Q. OK...If I love someone who I am also intimate with--does that make me IN love?...I just do not understand what "being in love" really means.

A. hello and i am the Love Doctor.
I am here to help you answer your question and if you have any questions abut love, everhbody can email me at young95fm@yahoo.com.

Ok, let's see, if you really love someone and you feel very intimate with the person, it is just a sudden spark that you feel, it does not really mean that you are in love.
When you truly love someone, you will put aside all defects and on the person, body odour, looks, size etc. You will feel your heart thumping really very fast and you feel shy talking to the person until you know the person also loves/likes you.
When you are intimate with that person, it would most probably mean that you are in probationary love, which means you are putting your heart to a test, to see if the two of you match, when you really are a match, that thumping feeling will start to slow down everytime you see her/him. This is normal because you are not nervous that she despises you or anything, but it is also normal is your heart is still thumping very fast, because are afraid that you will suddenly lose interest in her/him, or that he/she will lose interest in you due to your sudden change like your behaviour towards him/her.

If you still don't know or have any other problems about your love, or of how you should keep your love from losing interest in you, you can contact me personally through my email at the top of this answer and we can chat through my MSN.

Original Question

If You Want to Update this Blog, You Can do it by Click This Link and This Blog Will be Updated Automaticly

How do the love calculators on the internet actually work?

Q. The love calculators all have different calculations. How do they work?

A. They work by performing advanced calculations based on a comparison of user input to known love standards. The reason they all have different calculations is that several renowned authorities have each proposed their own set of love standards.

For instance love calculators based on Alexander Nestor's popular treatise "What is love?", base their calculations on the apparent force of the user's input, as Nestor's theory largely purports that love causes or is capable of causing pain. This method of love calculation is typically referred to as "The H.A.D.D.A.W.A.Y. Method".

Original Question

What is the difference between love and like?

Q. Love for me is loving a person with commitment and like means just being happy seeing the one you adore. How about you?

A. Ann Landers wrote this column many years ago and it answers you question.

Is It Love or Infatuation?

Infatuation is fleeting desire -- one set of glands calling to another. It is marked by a feeling of insecurity. You are excited and eager but not genuinely happy. There are nagging doubts, unanswered questions, little bits and pieces about the relationship that you would just as soon not examine too closely. It might spoil the dream.

Love is friendship that has caught fire. It takes root and grows, one day at a time. Love is quiet understanding and mature acceptance of imperfection. It is real. It gives you strength and grows beyond you -- to bolster your beloved. You are warmed by his presence, even when he is away. Miles do not separate you. You have so many wonderful films in your head that you keep replaying. But near or far, you know he is yours, and you can wait.

Infatuation says, "We must get married right away. I can't risk losing him." Love says, "Be patient. Don't panic. Plan your future with confidence."

Infatuation has an element of sexual excitement. Whenever you are together, you hope it will end in intimacy.

Love is not based on sex. It is the maturation of friendship that makes sex so much sweeter. You must be friends before you can be lovers.

Infatuation lacks confidence. When he's away, you wonder if he's being unfaithful. Sometimes, you check.

Love means trust. You are calm, secure and unthreatened. He feels your trust, and it makes him even more trustworthy.

Infatuation might lead you to do things you will regret, but love never steers you in the wrong direction.

Love is elevating. It lifts you up. It makes you look up. It makes you better than you were before.

Original Question

How is love and sacrifice represented in Pride and Prejudice?

Q. What is the impact of love and sacrifice on the main characters? What is the author the Pride and Prejudice suggesting about love and sacrifice?
What would be a good thesis statement for these questions?

A. A basic theme of the story, one could argue, is that love conquers all. Thinking about it in terms of that particular society, Darcy and Elizabeth shouldn't have ended up together. He was well off, she was poor. He was upper class, had family connections, and was high up in society. She had no connections, had a family full of "silly" sisters and parents, and wasn't too much in the company of high society. But, despite all the odds against them- family, wealth, their individual pride and prejudices, they ended up together. And why? Because they fought for each other. They fought for a true love that they both deserved.

Darcy sacrifices his pride by paying for Lydia's shotgun wedding with Wickham. Though he despises the man, he patches up the marriage in order to protect Lydia, which ultimately protects Elizabeth, because then her family isn't tainted with the scandal. We think Darcy has overcome his pride when he first proposes to Elizabeth, but he hasn't done that completely yet: he tells her, rather condescendingly, that he wishes he didn't like her because it's imprudent for a man of his connection to love someone so beneath him. Ouch, can you say mean much?

Elizabeth, on the other hand, gets the benefit of this match in its social and financial aspects. You'd think she doesn't give up much, but she does. She too sacrifices her pride, admitting that her first impressions of Mr. Darcy were very wrong, and that he was a much better man than she gave him credit for. She also admits to falling under Wickham's spell and feels bad that she fell for his facade.

That's what I have to say on it, really. Hope it helps.

Original Question

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Americans have been lying about the benefits of abstinence only education and the dangers of porn for decades — Quartz

Over the past few weeks, as the idea of a Trump presidency has gone from unthinkable joke to horrifying reality, I’ve heard a new term making the rounds, particularly among my friends in media. “We’re living in a post-truth era,” they tell me, citing Trump’s many lies and contradictions, the rise of fake news sites, and a growing distrust of the mainstream media as evidence that the American people are increasingly distanced from reality.

I think this is a fairly accurate assessment. But as someone who’s been writing and educating Americans about sex-related topics for over a decade, I can testify to the fact that we’ve been living in a “post-truth” era for years. Quite frankly, I’ve been dealing with a post-truth world for my entire career.

The easiest entry point for understanding America’s fuzzy relationship between sex and fact is the sad state of American sex education. According to the Guttmacher Institute, a mere 13 US states require sex education to be “medically accurate.” To put that in context, 39 states require HIV education to either stress or cover abstinence, in spite of the fact that there’s little proof that a focus on abstinence actually helps delay sex.

Indeed, America’s two-decade long love affair with abstinence-only education (which president Barack Obama has attempted to put an end to) feels like the epitome of “post-truth.” Study after study shows that abstinence-only education doesn’t reduce the rate of teen pregnancy, delay the age at which young people start having sex, or lower rates of STI transmission. But as long as telling kids not to have sex feels like the solution, these misguided lesson plans will likely persist. (In fact, it might actually get worse; president-elect Donald Trump and vice president-elect Mike Pence are not known for an enlightened outlook on sexuality. Pence once said on national television that condoms are “very, very poor protection” against STIs).

This aversion to the truth is much more than a failing of political conservatives. In my experience, liberals are just as willing to ignore the facts when it’s convenient to their larger narrative.

Over the years I’ve rolled my eyes at numerous acts of “journalism” that perpetuated half-truths and outright lies about the sex and porn industriesâ€"often in the supposed service of protecting women. >The Price of Pleasure, for exampleâ€"an anti-porn documentary created by NYU professor Chyng Sunâ€"misled many of its interview subjects and used manipulative editing to craft a vision of a ruthlessly exploitative porn industry that few porn performers recognize. A piece in The Atlantic once positioned double anal, an extreme sex act that even the most practiced porn performers need to warm up to, as a routine occurrence. And let’s not forget the New York Times’ own Nicholas Kristof, whose factually inaccurate writing has peddled numerous myths about sex work and who has positioned himself as a voice of authority in spite of numerous sex workers who’ve contested his version of the “truth.”

The topic of sex is vulnerable to this sort of misinformation for a number of reasons. It’s an intensely personal experience, and one most of us have some degree of experience with. This creates a personal sense of authorityâ€"even when we lack any facts or expertise beyond our own limited experience. Compounding this false confidence is the persistent taboo against public discussions of sexuality. Stigma around sex prevents us from openly and honestly discussing the topic, adding further fuel to the many “truthy” statements that circulate about human sexual experience.

A slumping news industry has coincided with the rise of social mediaâ€"a phenomenon that has made news consumption more individualized and created information bubbles that help reinforce what feels right over what’s actually true.While unfortunate, in this context it makes sense that we’re seeing a spread of inaccuracy in our discussions of politics, the environment, and other hot-button topics that have historically been more buffered from falsehoods than sex.

But if my work in sex education offers me a deeper understanding of the factors that encourage and enable a collective divorce from reality, it also gives me hope that post-truth isn’t a permanent state of being. If we stay committed to pursuing and promoting a reality-based vision of the world, it’s possible to overcome seemingly overwhelming odds.

On the same Tuesday that Trump secured the White House, California’s adult industry battled misinformation, ignorance, and a well-funded propaganda machine to defeat the egregious Proposition 60. Opposed by many health organizations and practically all of California’s adult film actors, the proposition would have violated worker privacy and potentially made it possible for regular Californians to sue porn producers if they believed actors weren’t wearing condoms. Around the globe, sex workers have banded together to make their voices and opinions heard, and are slowly chipping away at the post-truth ethos that’s oppressed their industry for decades (if not centuries).

And even though government-funded sex education is often mediocreâ€"if not outright harmfulâ€"a number of independent sources have harnessed the internet to provide smart, thoughtful, and fact-based sex education to young people around the globe. This is the lesson activists and politicians alike need to internalize in the age of Trump. With enough commitment, dedication, and persistence, the truth can ultimately win out.

Follow Lux on Twitter @luxalptraum. Learn how to write for Quartz Ideas. We welcome your comments at ideas@qz.com.

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